York County, Pennsylvania Natural Disaster Risk
FEMA National Risk Index assessment · PA
MediumComposite Risk Score
National percentile: 90th
York County faces medium composite natural disaster risk (NRI Risk Index score 90.4, 90th national percentile), driven primarily by winter weather and riverine flood exposure. Expected annual loss across all 18 hazard types is $106M.
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 · Updated December 2025
Risk Overview
FEMA's National Risk Index rates York County at medium composite risk, with a National Risk Index score of 90.4 out of 100 — placing it in the 90th national percentile and near the national midpoint for natural-disaster risk. The score blends Expected Annual Loss, Social Vulnerability, and Community Resilience across all 18 FEMA hazard types.
Most of York County's expected losses come from winter weather (heavy snow, blizzards, and hazardous winter conditions) at Very High risk — $1M in expected annual loss and about 12.21 events per year; riverine flood (rivers and streams overflowing their banks after heavy rain or snowmelt) at High risk — $69M in expected annual loss and about 3.46 events per year; and strong wind (damaging straight-line winds outside of tornadoes and hurricanes) at High risk — $3M in expected annual loss and about 6.84 events per year. Across all hazards, FEMA estimates $106M in expected annual loss for a population of 456K.
Beyond physical exposure, York County has a very low social vulnerability rating (how susceptible the population is to harm) and a very high community resilience rating (its capacity to prepare for and recover from disasters). A less vulnerable population paired with strong resilience helps the community absorb and recover from events.
The county's disaster history tells the same story: York County has received 21 federal disaster declarations since 1972, including 6 for flood events and 5 for hurricane events. The most recent was Remnants of Hurricane Ida (hurricane), declared in September 2021.
Among 67 Pennsylvania counties, York County ranks #12 for overall natural disaster risk.
Top Hazards
All 18 Hazard Risks
| Winter Weather | Very High | 12.21 / yr | $1M |
| Riverine Flood | High | 3.46 / yr | $69M |
| Strong Wind | High | 6.84 / yr | $3M |
| Lightning | High | 37.01 / yr | $2M |
| Hurricane | Medium | 0.09 / yr | $15M |
| Heat Wave | Medium | 5.26 / yr | $4M |
| Earthquake | Low | 0.00 / yr | $5M |
| Drought | Medium | 4.44 / yr | $2M |
| Landslide | Low | 0.98 / yr | $17K |
| Cold Wave | Medium | 1.16 / yr | $3M |
| Ice Storm | Medium | 1.15 / yr | $190K |
| Tornado | Low | 0.57 / yr | $1M |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $34K |
| Avalanche | Very Low | 0.01 / yr | $69 |
| Hail | Very Low | 2.96 / yr | $103K |
| Coastal Flood | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Tsunami | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Volcanic Activity | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
Disaster History
York County has received 21 federal disaster declarations since 1972, most recently Remnants of Hurricane Ida in September 2021. Most frequent causes: Flood (6), Hurricane (5), Snowstorm (4).
| Declared | Type | Disaster |
|---|---|---|
| September 2021 | Hurricane | Remnants of Hurricane Ida |
| March 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| March 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| March 2016 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storm and Snowstorm |
| February 2014 | Severe Ice Storm | Severe Winter Storm |
| October 2012 | Hurricane | Hurricane Sandy |
| September 2011 | Flood | Tropical Storm Lee |
| September 2011 | Flood | Remnants of Tropical Storm Lee |
| April 2010 | Snowstorm | Severe Winter Storms and Snowstorms |
| September 2005 | Hurricane | Hurricane Katrina |
Showing the 10 most recent of 21 declarations.
Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (OpenFEMA).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the overall natural disaster risk for York County?
York County has a composite FEMA National Risk Index score of 90.4 out of 100, placing it in the Medium category and the 90th national percentile. This combines Expected Annual Loss, Social Vulnerability, and Community Resilience across 18 hazard types.
What are the top natural hazards in York County?
The three highest-rated hazards are Winter Weather (Very High, $1M EAL), Riverine Flood (High, $69M EAL), Strong Wind (High, $3M EAL). These account for most of the county's expected annual losses.
How does York County compare to other Pennsylvania counties?
York County ranks #12 of 67 Pennsylvania counties for overall natural disaster risk, with a medium rating.
How many federally declared disasters has York County had?
FEMA records 21 federal disaster declarations for York County since 1972, most often 6 for flood events and 5 for hurricane events. The most recent was Remnants of Hurricane Ida, declared in September 2021.
What does Expected Annual Loss (EAL) mean?
EAL is FEMA's estimate of average annual dollar losses from natural hazards, calculated from historical event data and exposure models. York County's $106M EAL is a statistical average, not a guarantee for any specific year or address.