Madison County, North Carolina Natural Disaster Risk
FEMA National Risk Index assessment · NC
Very LowComposite Risk Score
National percentile: 27th
Madison County faces very low composite natural disaster risk (NRI Risk Index score 27.4, 27th national percentile), driven primarily by landslide and lightning exposure. Expected annual loss across all 18 hazard types is $9M.
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 · Updated December 2025
Risk Overview
Overall natural disaster risk in Madison County is very low, with a National Risk Index score of 27.4 out of 100 — placing it in the 27th national percentile and among the lowest-risk counties in the country. The score blends Expected Annual Loss, Social Vulnerability, and Community Resilience across all 18 FEMA hazard types.
Most of Madison County's expected losses come from landslide (downhill movement of rock, soil, and debris on unstable slopes) at Medium risk — $155K in expected annual loss and about 1.65 events per year; lightning (electrical discharges from storms that ignite fires and cause casualties) at Medium risk — $504K in expected annual loss and about 52.63 events per year; and ice storm (freezing rain that coats surfaces in heavy, damaging ice) at Medium risk — $153K in expected annual loss and about 0.49 events per year. Across all hazards, FEMA estimates $9M in expected annual loss for a population of 21K.
Beyond physical exposure, Madison County has a low social vulnerability rating (how susceptible the population is to harm) and a medium community resilience rating (its capacity to prepare for and recover from disasters). Both measures sit toward the lower end, indicating relatively modest population sensitivity.
The county's disaster history tells the same story: Madison County has received 23 federal disaster declarations since 1977, including 9 for hurricane events and 3 for severe storm events. The most recent was Severe Winter Storm (winter storm), declared in January 2026.
Among 100 North Carolina counties, Madison County ranks #93 for overall natural disaster risk.
Top Hazards
All 18 Hazard Risks
| Landslide | Medium | 1.65 / yr | $155K |
| Lightning | Medium | 52.63 / yr | $504K |
| Ice Storm | Medium | 0.49 / yr | $153K |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $101K |
| Cold Wave | Low | 3.84 / yr | $1M |
| Earthquake | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $247K |
| Riverine Flood | Low | 1.36 / yr | $6M |
| Hurricane | Very Low | 0.01 / yr | $34K |
| Strong Wind | Low | 3.10 / yr | $291K |
| Hail | Very Low | 3.86 / yr | $102K |
| Winter Weather | Low | 22.91 / yr | $24K |
| Tornado | Very Low | 0.12 / yr | $375K |
| Drought | Very Low | 28.80 / yr | $667 |
| Avalanche | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Coastal Flood | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Heat Wave | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Tsunami | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
| Volcanic Activity | Very Low | 0.00 / yr | $0 |
Disaster History
Madison County has received 23 federal disaster declarations since 1977, most recently Severe Winter Storm in January 2026. Most frequent causes: Hurricane (9), Severe Storm (3), Flood (3).
| Declared | Type | Disaster |
|---|---|---|
| January 2026 | Winter Storm | Severe Winter Storm |
| September 2024 | Tropical Storm | Tropical Storm Helene |
| September 2024 | Tropical Storm | Hurricane Helene |
| October 2022 | Hurricane | Hurricane Ian |
| September 2021 | Hurricane | Remnants of Tropical Storm Fred |
| August 2020 | Hurricane | Hurricane Isaias |
| May 2020 | Severe Storm | Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding |
| March 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 Pandemic |
| March 2020 | Biological | Covid-19 |
| September 2019 | Hurricane | Hurricane Dorian |
Showing the 10 most recent of 23 declarations.
Source: FEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries (OpenFEMA).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the overall natural disaster risk for Madison County?
Madison County has a composite FEMA National Risk Index score of 27.4 out of 100, placing it in the Very Low category and the 27th national percentile. This combines Expected Annual Loss, Social Vulnerability, and Community Resilience across 18 hazard types.
What are the top natural hazards in Madison County?
The three highest-rated hazards are Landslide (Medium, $155K EAL), Lightning (Medium, $504K EAL), Ice Storm (Medium, $153K EAL). These account for most of the county's expected annual losses.
How does Madison County compare to other North Carolina counties?
Madison County ranks #93 of 100 North Carolina counties for overall natural disaster risk, with a very low rating.
How many federally declared disasters has Madison County had?
FEMA records 23 federal disaster declarations for Madison County since 1977, most often 9 for hurricane events and 3 for severe storm events. The most recent was Severe Winter Storm, declared in January 2026.
What does Expected Annual Loss (EAL) mean?
EAL is FEMA's estimate of average annual dollar losses from natural hazards, calculated from historical event data and exposure models. Madison County's $9M EAL is a statistical average, not a guarantee for any specific year or address.